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Thomas Aquinas
(1224/5-1274) Called the Angelic Doctor, he was the foremost Christian philosopher in history. Thomism, the school of thought built around his work, has attracted disciples from both different religions and no religion. Born to noble parents, he became a monk in the Dominican Order in 1243. He studied under Albert Magnus and taught at the University of Paris. Before he died at the age of fifty, he authored numerous works of philosophy and theology that came to some 8 million words. The Summa Theologica and the Summa Contra Gentiles are his two most celebrated books. Aquinas made distinctive contributions in multiple areas including the questions of God, the soul, human reason and ethics.

J.J. Thomson
Discoverer in 1897 of the electron.

Paul Tillich
(1886-1965) German theologian who taught at Union Theological Seminary, Harvard University and the University of Chicago. He talked of God as the Ground of Being. His three-volume Systematic Theology is one of his well-known works.

Richard Tolman
Proponent of the oscillating universe hypothesis.

Charles Townes
Winner of the 1964 Nobel Prize for Physics and inventor of the laser.

Illtyd Trethowan
Monk of Downside Abbey and author of several original works in the philosophy of religion including Certainty Philosophical and Theological, The Basis of Belief and Absolute Value.

Edward Tryon
Physicist who asserts that the net energy of the universe is almost zero.

Neil Turok
Co-developer with Paul Steinhardt of the endless cycle hypothesis of the origin of the universe.